He was the pioneer of the social revolutionaries of south India and Kerala. To save devas, Lord Narayana took a penance to get grace of Lord Shiva to destroy Kroni. The forces proceed towards Thiruvananthapuram through Kottar, Parvathipuram, Chungankadai and reached Thuckalay. The History of Ayyavazhi traces the religious history of Ayyavazhi, a belief-system originated in the mid-19th century in Southern India. • Arunan (1999). His appearance was squalid, "long and entangled plait of hair" and frayed clothes. As prophesied by Maharishi Veda Vyasa whenever the human or other atrocities reached the peak in the universe due to the influence and boons of Kali, then Mahavishnu would manifest to destroy the evils. Here are the 7 social reformers who put a lot of effort to change the cultural status of the state. He also directed 700 families to undertake Thuvayal Thavasu, the Washing Penance. He suffered acute pain for more than a year. [91] He breathed his last in 21 Vaikasi 1026.M.E His ‘Sacred Golden Body’ was interned at Poovandanthope which was now the Palliyarai of Swamithope Pathi. [12] Ceremonial processions were held amidst singing, incantations and shouts of joy by the followers. [89] After the conclusion of the Tavam he consecrated the Muthirikkinaru, historically the first ever well in South India which was allowed to be used by all castes. He later took birth on the 20th day of Tamil Month Masi in the year of Kollam, 1008 (1st March 1833 CE). Madurai: Vaihai Publications. During his imprisonment period people in large numbers rushed to Singarathope to avail his blessings. The date of birth too is subject to greater conflict. [37] But that the poison made some effects on him gradually and that the illness is due to the effects of the poison. After completion when he returned from agni kunda, a deadly monster called Kroni (Asura or evil force) was also born inside an agni kunda. After the release Ayya was carried in a Vahana to Swamithoppe, by his followers. On the contrary to the caste-based discriminatory dress codes, Vaikundar advised that those norms defied and males should come to him wearing turban or a head gear and similarly the females, covering their upper body with cloth (Sari). In fulfillment of that assurance he descended and entered into the sea of Tiruchendur in the form of a flame. [26] He was also said to be a very good orator. According to Akilam, Vaikundar is 10th avatar of Lord Narayana, also popularly called as “Narayana Pantaram” or “Kalki” alias “Ayya”. The days passed and Vaikundar attained the age of 24. After returning from the prison, Vaikundar inspired a group of his devotees to undertake a religious exercise called Thuvayal Thavasu. [26] He was intensely against the oppressive treatment of the lower classes. These include, curing all the diseases for those people who came to get blessing from him. Lord's avatar happens to be next to his Krishna avatar. [4] Vaikundar exhorted the people as follows: Lord Vaikundar has five disciples (citars). [6] People were encouraged to serve as catalysts for the destruction of Kali by transforming themselves to be 'people of Dharma Yukam' and to acquire a new character. [53], Phase III of the penance began by January 1838. [75] Moreover, the claim made by Vaikundar that himself will rule the world as an undisputed King misled the king. But very few accounts suggest that Thirumalammal and Ponnu Madan is along with him during his journey. [39] Wondering everybody, Vaikundar, who was until then could not set his foot on the ground, suddenly stepped out of the cradle and started walking swiftly and everybody else followed him. (SFSE 48) During this time he also believed to have incinerated the demons and also seized the power of the witchcraft, sorcery etc. Numerous complaints were made before the King of Travancore by the upper classes against Vaikundar and his activities. [citation needed], (`Communalism an important factor in politics'), (Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education, Social and Cultural History of Tamil Nadu from 1529 to Present day), (Jayalalithaa to visit Kanyakumari tomorrow), sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmalan2000 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFVivekanandan2003 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmai_Thanu2003 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKrishnanathan2000 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPonneelan2013 (, "History of Tamil Nadu from 1800 AD to the Present Day", "The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Historical_Vaikundar&oldid=1007361087, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Though few events referred to in the mythology have yet to be validated historically, many key events mentioned in Akilam were acknowledged by other contemporary sources. He enforced the masses well irrespective of their caste and creed use of water from a common. But he strongly propagated for a society totally free from caste discrimination and also worked for the betterment of the downtrodden. Therefore, Ayya Vaikundar is said to be the only worshippable and supreme power in Kali Yuga. [27] He well versed in various ancient arts including martial arts, [28] he appears as a multifaceted personality. He also revealed that, “Until the year ‘One thousand and Eight’ you were known to be my mother and now I had born as the son of Narayana for fulfilling the needs of Santror and to rule them forever.”[52]. [62] The second phase too lasted for two years beginning on December 1835 till December 1837. Ayya Vaikundar, was released from the Jail of Singarathoppe on 19th Masi, (3 March) after the trail with the king of Travancore, Swathi Thirunal. Ayyavazhi mythology § Ascending to Vaikundam. At Thiruvananthapuram, Vaikundar was jailed at Singarathope open prison. The film Ayyavazhi released in 2008 was based on the life of Lord Vaikundar. He made some controversial statements like mentioning the travancore king as ‘Devil in Ananthapuri’ and the British rule as ‘Rule of White Devils’. In this avatar, Lord Narayana incarnated as “Trimurti” alias “Siva Narayana”. She felt aroused and the burning fire entered into her. [86] He ordered the release of Vaikundar immediately upon the condition that he would restrict his activities and preaching only to his caste. There are various accounts as to who suggested the name. In the Dvapara Yuga Lord incarnated as Sri Krishna to destroy the Asuras such as Duryodhana, Takkan and helped the Pandavas to establish the Dharma by establishing the Pandavas Kingdom again. His teachings were directed not only to the devas and humans, but also been meant to the birds, animals and all other living beings and interestingly even to non-living things in the world including plants, trees, reptiles, rocks and stones which were nonliving. He emphasized the importance of Charity, Truth and love and induced these values into the rituals. [36] They pretend to be get convinced to his view and pretend to celebrate him and his preachings. 1833 December/January – The first phase of the Tavam of Vaikundar begins. Akilathirattu speaks of his incineration of evil spirits as an important event in Lord Ayya Vaikundar's incarnation. About: He was the pioneer of the social revolutionaries of south India and Kerala. The penance consisted of three stages, each spanning two years. Research scholars regard Vaikundar as a teacher, healer and also a miracle worker. [65] However, some sources claimed that he took milk and fruits during Phase II . He was addressed by the worshippers as ‘Narayana Pandaram’. [62] Phase III is performed by him on a raised pedestal. He married Saptha Kanniyar as Narayanar (see: Marriage with the Seven Virgins), the Seven deities in the form of Ekam (see:Marriage with the Deities). Ayya Vaikundar , is a Manu (father, sovereign) avatar (the incarnation of a deity) of the Lord Narayana according to Akilattirattu Ammanai the holy script of the Ayyavazhi religion, officially a Tamil Hindu sect. Ayyavazhi tamil film was based on the life of Ayya Vaikundar Publication - Akilathirattu,Arul Nool (to share ideas of Ayyavazhi) At Tiruchendur, Vaikunda Swamikal attained enlightenment and assumed the title 'Vaikundar' Conducted religious event Thuvayal panthi To know about Vaikunta Avatara, Akilathirattu was provided to mankind. During these occasions, he laid foundations in various places for small shrine-like centres, called Nizhal Thangals. Few authors suggest that the relatives also witnessed the event[50] while others maintain that all others except Veyilal went disappointed and that she alone was at the sea-shore after three days. The physical human body of Ayya Vaikundar was born with the name Muthukutty. The King who was the kalineesan (the one who was in captive of Kaliyan) went with his force to get Lord Vaikundar arrested. They concluded the penance at two Phases. He use to meditate regularly during evenings at Marunthuvazh Malai. He argued that any Yogi could install idols in temples, which inspired Sreenarayana Guru to install idols of Siva. Akilathirattu says that he took away the powers of those who knew to perform witchcraft, sorcery and other magical rituals. He was served with poison through food. [41] It is vividly clear that Veyilal, the mother of Vaikundar accompanied him. Ayya Vaikundar(Vaikunda Swami)(1809-1851), a great humanist and social thinker, lived in the Princely Kingdom of Travancore in the early decades of the 19th Century Kerala, is still remembered as the first well known social reformer in India who critiqued the caste discrimination and religious hierarchy and fought against the practice of untouchability. [48] Highly distressed Veyilal decided not to go home without her son and remained weeping on the sea-shore. Ayya Vaikundar (c.1833 –c.1851) (Tamil: அய்யா வைகுண்டர், Sanskrit: अय्या वैघुण्ढर्, Malayalam: അയ്യാ വൈകുണ്ഠർ) also known as  Siva Narayana or Vaikunda Swami is the first and the foremost Purna avatar of Eka-Paran. . Akilattirattu Ammanai call this as religious schools. That night he was kept imprisoned at Manalikkara . Ayya Swamikal started inter-dining (Panthibhojanam) in Kerala during 19th century. The Akilattirattu is the divine scripture, which gives the details of tenth incarnation of Lord Narayana in form of Vaikundar. [72] But the king seems to ignore all of them initially. [13] His teachings also effected many social changes in southern India,[14] resulting in the emergence of a series of social and self-respect movements such as Upper cloth agitation,[11][15] Temple entry agitation and other movements including those of Narayana Guru,[16] Chattampi Swamikal, Vallalar[17] and Ayyankali. Embodied with the turine God-heads along with all lesser devas, Narayana assumes his ninth incarnation at the sea-shore of Tiruchendur just before the birth of Vaikundar. It consists of three phases. Interestingly, the second procession during the Ayya Vaikunda Avataram festival has its unique history. Vaikundar was the pioneer of the social revolutionaries of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. [51] However, the words of Vaikundar, after his advent from the sea shocked her as he proclaimed that he is no longer her son. He had overcome all these miraculously. Ayya Vaikundar was the first to succeed as a social reformer in launching poli He baught eighteen-caste people together for peace and equality. [49], After three days on 20th Masi 1008. A naming ceremony was conducted and the name Mudisoodum Perumal (Lord Vishnu with Crown) was suggested by the elders and was accepted by others. He was the first to install a mirror for worshipping in South India. [35] So they eventually conspired to kill him in by clandestine means. History Ayya Vaikundar Nizhal Thangal In Chennai : After the trial of Vaikundar with the king of Travancore, the followers built religious centers following his instructions to propagate his teachings which were called as Nizhal Thangal. [69] It was during these days he preached several revolutionary ideas which are considered as historically unparalleled. As the Phase III of his Tavam was disrupted by the King he decided to fulfil the penance. Ayya Vaikundar asked those people who came to him to wear a turban and a dhoti up to the toes. Various historians place the year of birth as 1809 C.E while as few other sources placed his birth in 1808 C.E. [64] This last phase is meant for the upliftment of women and for the betterment of his progeny. When he had finished his orders, the dancers fell flat on the ground and burned. Through one of his disciples, Hari Gopalan Citar, he wrote the holy book, called Akilam.[14]. [7], Vaikundar ordered the people to surrender firmly to him alone who was the creator, annihilator[disambiguation needed] and protector[disambiguation needed] of the universe. [59] At Kadambankulam, the northernmost venue to which Vaikundar travelled, today stands one among the rare Nizhal Thangals which face geographic north. 1. Vaikundar reached Ambalapathi, installed a Shiva linga and from there he proclaimed that he would go back there again and would marry the seven deities and rule them from the throne there. The first phase of his penance last for two years from January 1843 to December 1835. Ayya Vaikundar (அய்யா வைகுண்டர்cording to Akilattirattu Ammanai (or Akilam), a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu (father, sovereign) avatar of Narayana, incarnated as Muthukutty or Mudisoodum Perumal, a Nadar of Swamithoppe, Tamil Nadu (1810 — 1851). He also travelled northwards to various parts of Tirunelveli to reveal his arrival. He remained in jail as a prisoner for the full 3 ¾ months. The joyous Rishis and saints were convinced that the Lord has manifested as prophesied in the Adi Agamas and offered their obedience to Vaikundar. Vaikundar, then, ordered these evil spirits to make an oath, in front of the people, to surrender their powers and incinerate themselves. There is also a view that they never get married and that the women only came to serve him in his activities . [4] The possessed ones danced in front of the crowd as if the evil spirits had come upon them. [31] The severity of illness increased as days passed on. Those of the sea creatures which were hiding deep inside the waters in fear of Kalineesan too came out of the sea and proclaimed ‘may the manifestation of the redeemer redress the grievances of the land’ Vaikundar continued his journey towards Manavaipathi followed by Sandrors. [82] The next day the soldiers took him to Thiruvananthapuram via Balaramapuram. [62] During this phase he use to talk less and believed to have taken no food. His devotees continued to visit this site and performed the rituals as they used to do when Vaikundar was bodily present. p. 40. [63] The news began to spread like wild-fire and thousands of people from every section of the society [66] from the surrounding villages began to visit Swamithope, believing that their grievances be addressed by him. The head temple of the Ayyavazhi religion is the Swamithoppepathi and is located in the Village of Swamithope. [77] Vaikundar was subjected to several severe tribulations and cruel treatments. So, he appeared in the Chathur Yuga and the Netu Yuga by destroying the asuras such as Gundomasali, Thillai Mallalan, and Mallossy Vaughan that emerged from Kroni's chunk. He suspected that Vaikundar was provoking the people and was plotting for a revolt against the Kingdom. He also insisted inter-mingling of all 18 castes and also proclaimed that he will be ruling the land under one umbrella. ... Ayya Vaikundar (c) Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi (d) Vakkom Moulavi Ayya Vaikundar Samathwa Samajam, India, a Non Governmental Organization, is working for the socio-economic upliftment of this community by organizing micro level family groups and has been successfully leading in social works, with multifarious activities. Vaikundar not only refused to sign the condition but also refused to accept his release. This event shocked the king as he believed that killing a priest would fetch divine wrath. The parents[18] and the villagers[19] witnessed some spiritual significance[20] in the face of the child. [73], At Suchindrum, Vaikundar was brought in front of the king. [87] His followers carried him back as a procession and they reached Poovandanthope on 19 Masi 1013 M.E (1 March 1838), a day before the 5th anniversary of his incarnation. Ayyavazhi came to be noticed by the large number of people gathering to worship Ayya Vaikundar in the middle of the 19th century. History of Ayya Vaikundar. [66] People witnessed mysterious experience and influence while standing before him [53] Some accounts suggests that attempts were made by the upper classes during this time to dispel his popularity. He is referred to as Sampooranathevan, a deva (a deity). He said when people grew out of kalimayai, Dharma Yukam would unfold and in that age, he would rule over the people as Dharma Raja, the king of Dharma Yukam. [26] He was also very revolutionary in his thoughts, idea and acts right from his childhood. Upon reaching Swamithopu, he undertook a penance for 6 years to get grace and power of Lord Shiva. People living in the hills, called as Kanikkarar, were believed to be powerful shamans, having powers to contain or to provoke the demons. Underscoring the importance of self-respect and social dignity, he said, ‘if one lives with dignity and self-respect, the kali would destroy itself’ . Lord narayana was angry on this and last said to kroni "You will die because of yourself”. [54] It appears that few incidents in which he was ill-treated happened on the way. He has born as the second son to Ponnumadan - Veyilal couple. a) Nedumala caves. Immediately after the birth of Vaikundar he was offered Vinchai, which includes the instructions snd the road-map for the destruction of Kali. According to Akilathirattu, the Pandavas of previous Dvapara Yuga were made to take birth in this Kali yuga as Citars of Vaikundar. History. Research scholars regard Vaikundar as a teacher, healer and also a miracle worker. Lord Vaikundar (c.1833–c.1851) is 10th avatar of Lord Narayana, also popularly called as “Narayana Pantaram” or “Kalki” alias “Ayya”. For Krishna Avatara, Mahabharatha was written. Ayya Vaikundar(Vaikunda Swami)(1809-1851), a great humanist and social thinker, lived in the Princely Kingdom of Travancore in the early decades of the 19th Century Kerala, is still remembered as the first well known social reformer in India who critiqued the caste discrimination and religious hierarchy and fought against the practice of untouchability. When he was on the way to earth, Lord Narayana was in the form of Pantaram stopped him and asked him to fight with. 3. [85] He was finally thrown into the cage of a hungry Tiger in front of the administrators, army staff and public. Though few events referred to in the mythology have yet to be validated historically, many key events mentioned in Akilam were acknowledged by other contemporary sources. [28] Though it is not clear whether he advocated a unified society and supported intermingling of various castes and promoted inter-caste marriages. M.E.,[50] the face of Vaikundar was seen rising over the horizon[47] in the early morning hours. Though the principal activities of Vaikundar were totally in different plane and well beyond the human realm to prepare for the world for Dharma Yuga, the implications and the impact of the preachings and declarations of Vaikundar is viewed by the king as an attempt to promote qualities of equality, social justice, self-respect, fearlessness in the psyche of the public. In doing so, every piece of him will be born as a monster on the earth, and you will have to incarnate to destroy the other demons. Which place in Kerala has found mention in the Sangam literature and a number of classical European historical sources? People grew appreciative of Ayya's actions. Ayya Vaikundar was the first[1] to succeed as a social reformer[2][3] in launching political struggle,[4] social renaissance[5][6][7] as well as religious reformation[8] in the country. According to holy scripture Akilathirattu Ammanai the Pandavas of previous Dwapara Yukam was made to take birth in this Kali Yukam as Citars of Vaikundar. [86] The tiger caught hold of the spear and in no time left it abruptly when the other end of the spear ripped the abdomen of a priest and he died on the spot. Lord Shiva appeared and said to Narayana, "Kroni should be cut in six pieces”. He stressed that he had come to abolish Kali Yukam and to usher in an age of Dharma Yukam, when the now-oppressed and suffering people would be liberated and rule the land under his leadership. He advocated that the real meaning of Dharma would be to shower love on those oppressed and suppressed and lending moral support to them. Two among them, Dharma Seedar and Bheeman Seedar were selected before his northwards travel, Arjunan Seedar was identified during the travel while the remaining two of them, Sahadevan Seedar, and Nakulan Seedar were selected after the travel. Against the background of the growing popularity of Vaikundar and the convergence of people around him in multitudes, a complaint was lodged against him with the king of Travancore. [87] He proclaimed that he would be accepting the release only after the completion imprisonment period. However, he continued preaching and healing there too. [42] They believed that the dream of Veyilal is coming true. Another view is that Lord Vishnu did not take a human body and showed only a bodily appearance[1] to mankind based upon quotes in Akilam. Enjoy the attractions of this popular tourist spot. [5] Similarly, Vaikundar performed another action to 'seize the esoteric evil powers'. The king was informed about the impact and influence of the preachings of Vaikundar. He tore the royal writ into pieces since his mission was the betterment and equality of all castes. His consort Goddess Lakshmi was awaiting for the arrival of Narayana as Magara[disambiguation needed]. This holy book focus on the “supreme oneness” and narrates the events starting from the creation of the Universe. Vaikundar selected five Seedars. They should live in harmony, firm mind, adhere to the norms of rituals and be true and honest to the Lord. [63] The second Phase is dedicated for the elimination of the case based and other discriminations among human communities and for the upliftment of Santror. [73] The issue was brought before the king Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma once again during his Suchindrum visit. Writer Ponnu suggests that Vaikundar took his rebirth during the auspicious occasion of the Mahamaham,[47] suggesting the date of the event on 5 March 1833. Ayya Vaikundar(Vaikunda Swami)(1809-1851), a great humanist and social thinker, lived in the Princely Kingdom of Travancore in the early decades of the 19th Century Kerala, is still remembered as the first well known social reformer in India who critiqued the caste discrimination and religious hierarchy and fought against the practice of untouchability. Though the prime features of Vaikundar’s mission is revealed through Akilathirattu, he also teaches orally. Akilathirattu addresses him as Shree Pantaram. Historically, the rituals were used or viewed as an attempt to break the inequalities, mainly caste-based, prevailed in the society of the time, and to strengthen and uplift the sociologically downtrodden and ill-treated. But by the time he was taken to Tiruchendur for being cured after he fall sick he was at his 24, for which the exact date is mentioned in Akilam as 20th Masi 1008 M.E which falls on 4 March 1833. He was the exponent of a new path of spiritual thoughts named ‘Ayya Vazhi’. M.E. pp. The Mahabharata, the Harivamsa, the Visnu Purana, the Ghata Jataka, and the Bala Carita all appear between the first and the fifth century AD, and each of them represents a tradition of a Krsna cycle different from the others". Contrary to the expectation of the officials the tiger did not jump onto its prey. [59] Though Arjunan Seedar was identified earlier he was selected only afterwards. In those days ,the Nadars and other low cast people had to pay a large amount as tax.There were taxes for breasts to banyan trees.Taxes were levied for palmyra trees also. After making the proclamations, Vaikundar proceeded towards Kanyakumari. [38] Gradually he was reduced to the bed. In the name of Vaikundar, Lord came towards Swamithopu as Pantaram. Though Akilam is directly against creating any form of organised religion or belief, the teachings of Akilam and especially few books of Arul Nool forms the basis of Ayyavazhi belief. Then the king ordered him to be taken to Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Travancore. He picked up sacred clay from the ground and applied it personally on the forehead of everyone like a mark. Dharma Seedar,Bhiman Seedar,Arjunan Seedar, Nakulan Seedar and Sakatevan Seedar. They began addressing him as Vaikuntasami. Lord did many mighty miracles. The fame of Vaikundar began to spread in the countries of South Tamilnadu and southern part of kerala and he was gradually recognised as a religious person with extraordinary powers and super-natural abilities. Kerala PSC Questions - History and Culture 20 Mar 2015 By Admin. Lord Vaikundar had five disciples (Citars). The events surrounding the passage of Vaikundar towards the sea is a matter of conflict. ISBN 978-1-85168-130-3. After 110 days of imprisonment, on March 26, 1839 he was released by Swathithirunal on the advise of Thycaud Ayya who was the Guru of Swathi thirunal Maharaj and a disciple of Vaikundar as well. Ayya Vaikundar (1809-1851), a social reformer and spiritual warrior, venerated by the people of Kanykumari district as the Avatar of Maha Vishnu himself, appeared on the scene now.
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